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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reconnaissance</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Reconnaissance_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Reconnaissance (disambiguation)">Reconnaissance (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="Recce_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Recce (disambiguation)">Recce (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="Recon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Recon (disambiguation)">Recon (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>.</div>

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<p>In <a href="Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operations</a>, <b>military reconnaissance</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</span></span>) or <b>scouting</b> is the <a href="Exploration" title="Exploration">exploration</a> of an area by <a href="Military" title="Military">military</a> forces to obtain information about enemy forces, the <a href="Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a>, and civil activities in the <a href="Area_of_operations" title="Area of operations">area of operations</a>. In military jargon, reconnaissance is abbreviated to <i>recce</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in British, Canadian, Australian English) and to <i>recon</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in American English), both derived from the root word <i>reconnoitre</i> / <i>reconnoitering</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The types of reconnaissance include <a href="Patrolling" title="Patrolling">patrolling</a> the local area of operations and <a href="Long-range_reconnaissance_patrol" title="Long-range reconnaissance patrol">long-range reconnaissance patrols</a>, which are tasks usually realized in the United States of America by <a href="U.S._Army_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Rangers">U.S. Army Rangers</a>, <a href="Cavalry_scout" title="Cavalry scout">cavalry scouts</a>, and military intelligence specialists, using navy ships and <a href="Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, <a href="Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">reconnaissance aircraft</a>, <a href="Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellites">satellites</a> to collect raw intelligence; and establishing <a href="Observation_post" title="Observation post">observation posts</a>. Moreover, <a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a> is different from reconnaissance, because spies work as civilians in enemy territory.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>

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<p>Reconnaissance is a mission to obtain information by visual observation or other detection methods, about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or about the meteorologic, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="center-aligned" style="">Reconnaissance (US Army FM 7-92; Chap. 4)

</cite></div>

</div><p>The word is derived from the <a href="Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> word <i>reconoissance</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Reconnaissance conducted by <a href="Ground_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground forces">ground forces</a> includes <a href="Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">special reconnaissance</a>, <a href="Armored_reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored reconnaissance">armored reconnaissance</a>, <a href="Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">amphibious reconnaissance</a> and civil reconnaissance.

</p><p><a href="Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">Aerial reconnaissance</a> is reconnaissance carried out by aircraft (of all types including balloons and uncrewed aircraft). The purpose is to survey weather conditions, map terrain, and may include military purposes such as observing tangible structures, particular areas, and movement of enemy forces.

</p><p>Naval forces use aerial and satellite reconnaissance to observe enemy forces. Navies also undertake <a href="Hydrographic_survey" title="Hydrographic survey">hydrographic surveys</a> and <a href="Intelligence_gathering" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence gathering">intelligence gathering</a>.

</p><p><a href="Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a> provide military commanders with photographs of enemy forces and other intelligence. Military forces also use geographical and meteorological information from <a href="Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth observation satellites</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discipline">Discipline</h2></div>

<p>Types of reconnaissance:

</p>

<ul><li><i>Terrain-oriented</i> reconnaissance is a survey of the terrain (its features, weather, and other natural observations).</li>

<li><i>Force-oriented</i> reconnaissance focuses on the enemy forces (number, equipment, activities, disposition etc.) and may include <a href="Target_acquisition" title="Target acquisition">target acquisition</a>.</li>

<li><i>Civil-oriented</i> reconnaissance focuses on the civil dimension of the <a href="Battlespace" title="Battlespace">battlespace</a> (areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people and events abbreviated ASCOPE).</li></ul>

<p>The techniques and objectives are not mutually exclusive; it is up to the commander whether they are carried out separately or by the same unit.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconnaissance-in-force">Reconnaissance-in-force</h3></div>

<p>Reconnaissance-in-force (RIF) is a type of <a href="Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operation</a> or <a href="Military_tactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Military tactic">military tactic</a> used specifically to probe an enemy's combat ability.

</p><p>While typical reconnaissance forces are small and armed only for self-defense, RIF use considerable (but not decisive) force in order to elicit a strong reaction by the enemy that more accurately reveals its own strength, deployment, preparedness, determination, and other tactical data. The RIF units can then fall back and report this data, or expand the conflict into a full engagement if enemy weaknesses are revealed.

</p><p>Other methods consist of <a href="Hit-and-run_tactics" title="Hit-and-run tactics">hit-and-run tactics</a> using rapid mobility, and in some cases light-armored vehicles for added fire superiority, as the need arises.

</p><p>Maintaining active RIF can be used to limit, or even deny, enemy reconnaissance.

</p><p>The German Army's reconnaissance during World War II is described in the following way:

</p>

<blockquote><p>The purpose of reconnaissance and the types of units employed to obtain information are similar in the U.S. and the German Armies. German tactical principles of reconnaissance, however, diverge somewhat from those of the U.S. The Germans stress aggressiveness, attempt to obtain superiority in the area to be reconnoitered, and strive for continuous observation of the enemy. They believe in employing reconnaissance units in force as a rule. They expect and are prepared to fight to obtain the desired information. Often they assign supplementary tasks to their reconnaissance units, such as sabotage behind enemy lines, harassment, or counter-reconnaissance.<br><br>Only enough reconnaissance troops are sent on a mission to assure superiority in the area to be reconnoitred. Reserves are kept on hand to be committed when the reconnaissance must be intensified, when the original force meets strong enemy opposition, or when the direction and area to be reconnoitred are changed. The Germans encourage aggressive action against enemy security forces. When their reconnaissance units meet superior enemy forces, they fight a delaying action while other units attempt to flank the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconnaissance-by-fire">Reconnaissance-by-fire</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Reconnaissance_by_fire" title="Reconnaissance by fire">Reconnaissance by fire</a></div>

<p>Reconnaissance-by-fire (or <i>speculative fire</i>) is the act of firing at likely enemy positions to cause the enemy force to reveal their location by moving or by returning fire.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconnaissance-pull">Reconnaissance-pull</h3></div>

<p>Reconnaissance-pull is a tactic that is applied at the regiment to division level and defined as locating and rapidly exploiting enemy weaknesses. It is the ability to determine enemy positions and create exploitable gaps through which friendly forces can pass while avoiding obstacles and strong points.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A textbook example of reconnaissance-pull was documented during the <a href="Battle_of_Tinian" title="Battle of Tinian">Tinian landings</a> of <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, utilized by the <a href="United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>'s <a href="Amphibious_Reconnaissance_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion">Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion</a>, from <a href="V_Amphibious_Corps" title="V Amphibious Corps">V Amphibious Corps</a>. Aerial photography and the confirmation by the <a href="Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">amphibious reconnaissance</a> <a href="Platoon" title="Platoon">platoons</a> determined that the Japanese defenders had largely ignored the northern beaches of the island, focusing most of their defensive effort on beaches in the south-west which were more favorable for an amphibious landing. American forces quickly changed their landing location to the northern beaches and planned a small and hasty "<a href="Military_deception" title="Military deception">deception</a>" operation off the southern beach, which resulted in a complete surprise for the Japanese forces. As a result, American forces were able to fight the Japanese force on land, where they had the advantage, leading to light losses and a <a href="Battle_of_Tinian" title="Battle of Tinian">relatively short battle</a> that lasted only 9 days.<sup id="cite_ref-MCDP_1-0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCDP_1-0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<p>When referring to reconnaissance, a commander's full intention is to have a vivid picture of his <a href="Battlespace" title="Battlespace">battlespace</a>. The commander organizes the reconnaissance platoon based on:

</p>

<ol><li>mission,</li>

<li>enemy,</li>

<li>terrain,</li>

<li>troops and support available,</li>

<li>time available, and</li>

<li>civil considerations.</li></ol>

<p>This analysis determines whether the platoon uses single or multiple elements to conduct the reconnaissance, whether it pertains to <b>area</b>, <b>zone</b>, or <b>route reconnaissance</b>, the following techniques may be used as long as the fundamentals of reconnaissance are applied.

</p><p>Scouts may also have different tasks to perform for their commanders of higher echelons, for example: the <a href="Engineer_reconnaissance" title="Engineer reconnaissance">engineer reconnaissance</a> detachments will try to identify difficult terrain in the path of their formation, and attempt to reduce the time it takes to transit the terrain using specialist engineering equipment such as a <a href="Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridge</a> for crossing water obstacles. <a href="Sanitary_epidemiological_reconnaissance" title="Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance">Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance</a> implies collection and transfer of all data available on <a href="Sanitary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitary">sanitary</a> and <a href="Epidemiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiological">epidemiological</a> situation of the area of possible deployment and action of <a href="Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a>, the same data for the neighboring and enemy armed forces. The aim for the reconnaissance is to clear up the reasons of the specific disease origin- sources of the <a href="Infection" title="Infection">infection</a> in various extreme situations, including local <a href="War" title="War">wars</a> and <a href="Armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflict">armed conflicts</a>, the ways of the infection transfer and all factors promoting to the <a href="Infestation" title="Infestation">infestation</a>.

</p><p>After the armed forces have become stationary during wartime and emergency of peacetime the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological <a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> and medical control of vital and communal activity of the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Beliakov_1976_p153_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beliakov_1976_p153-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>Area reconnaissance refers to the observation, and information obtained, about a specified location and the area around it; it may be terrain-oriented and/or force-oriented. Ideally, a reconnaissance platoon, or team, would use surveillance or vantage (static) points around the objective to observe, and the surrounding area. This methodology focuses mainly prior to moving forces into or near a specified area; the military commander may utilize his reconnaissance assets to conduct an area reconnaissance to avoid being surprised by unsuitable terrain conditions, or most importantly, unexpected enemy forces. The area could be a town, ridge-line, woods, or another feature that friendly forces intend to occupy, pass through, or avoid.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Within an <a href="Area_of_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Area of operation">area of operation</a> (AO), area reconnaissance can focus the reconnaissance on the specific area that is critical to the commander. This technique of focusing the reconnaissance also permits the mission to be accomplished more quickly. Area reconnaissance can thus be a stand-alone mission or a task to a section or the platoon. The commander analyzes the mission to determine whether the platoon will conduct these types of reconnaissance separately or in conjunction with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil">Civil</h3></div>

<p>Civil reconnaissance is the process of gathering a broad spectrum of civil information about a specific population in support of military operations. It is related to and often performed in conjunction with infrastructure reconnaissance (assessment and survey). Normally the focus of collection in the operational area for civil reconnaissance is collecting civil information relating to the daily interaction between civilians and military forces. Civil information encompasses relational, temporal, geospatial and behavioral information captured in a socio-cultural backdrop. It is information developed from data related to civil areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events, within the civil component of the commander's operational environment that can be processed to increase situational awareness and understanding. The type of civil information that is needed in order to support military operations varies based on the environment and situation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Route">Route</h3></div>

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<p><a href="Route_reconnaissance" title="Route reconnaissance">Route reconnaissance</a> is oriented on a given route (e.g., a road, a railway, a waterway; i.e., a narrow axis or a general direction of attack) to provide information on route conditions or activities along the route. A military commander relies on information about locations along his determined route: which of those that would provide best cover and concealment; bridge by construction type, dimensions, and classification; or for <a href="Landing_zone" title="Landing zone">landing zones</a> or pickup zones, if the need arises.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In many cases, the commander may act upon a <i>force-oriented</i> route reconnaissance by which the enemy could influence movement along that route. For the reconnaissance platoons, or squads, stealth and speed—in conjunction with detailed intelligence-reporting—are most important and crucial. The reconnaissance platoon must remain far enough ahead of the maneuver force to assist in early warning and to prevent the force from becoming surprised.

</p><p>It is paramount to obtain information about the available space in which a force can maneuver without being forced to bunch up due to obstacles. <i>Terrain-oriented</i> route reconnaissance allows the commander to obtain information and capabilities about the adjacent terrain for maneuvering his forces, to include, any obstacles (minefields, barriers, steep ravines, marshy areas, or <a href="Chemical%2C_biological%2C_radiological%2C_and_nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear">chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear</a> contamination) that may obstruct vehicle movement—on routes to, and in, his assigned area of operations. This requirement includes the size of trees and the density of forests due to their effects on vehicle movement. Route reconnaissance also allows the observation for fields of fire along the route and adjacent terrain. This information assists planners as a supplement to map information.

</p>

<p>Zone reconnaissance focuses on obtaining detailed information before maneuvering their forces through particular, designated locations. It can be terrain-oriented, force-oriented, or both, as it acquire this information by reconnoitering within—and by maintaining surveillance over—routes, obstacles (to include nuclear-radiological, biological, and chemical contamination), and resources within an assigned location.<sup id="cite_ref-MCDP_1-0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCDP_1-0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Also, <i>force-oriented</i> zone reconnaissance is assigned to gain detailed information about enemy forces within the zone, or when the enemy situation is vague by which the information concerning cross-country traffic-ability is desired.<sup id="cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reconnaissance provides the commander with a detailed picture of how the enemy has occupied the zone, enabling him to choose the appropriate course-of-action.

</p><p>As the platoon conducts this type of zone reconnaissance, its emphasis is on determining the enemy's locations, strengths, and weaknesses. This is the most thorough and complete reconnaissance mission and therefore is very time-intensive.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychology">Psychology</h2></div>

<p>A tracker needs to pay close attention to both the environment and the psychology of their enemy. Knowledge of human psychology, sociology, and cultural backgrounds is necessary to know the actions of the enemy and what they will do or where they will go next. Chief of Scouts <a href="Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Frederick Russell Burnham</a> commented on reconnaissance and scouts, saying:<sup id="cite_ref-scouting1926_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scouting1926-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<blockquote><p>It is imperative that a scout should know the history, tradition, religion, social customs, and superstitions of whatever country or people he is called on to work in or among. This is almost as necessary as to know the physical character of the country, its climate and products. Certain people will do certain things almost without fail. Certain other things, perfectly feasible, they will not do. There is no danger of knowing too much of the mental habits of an enemy. One should neither underestimate the enemy nor credit him with superhuman powers. Fear and courage are latent in every human being, though roused into activity by very diverse means.</p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">An <a href="Oste_class_fleet_service_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Oste class fleet service ship"><i>Oste</i> class</a> <a href="ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> and reconnaissance ship of the <a href="German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A Soviet convoy <a href="Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">deploying</a> <a href="Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">intermediate-range ballistic missiles</a> in Cuba, 1962, as first revealed by a <a href="Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A <a href="U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird</a> high-speed <a href="Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a> <a href="Fennek" title="Fennek">Fennek</a> reconnaissance vehicle</div>

</li>

</ul>

<ul><li><a href="Black_reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Black reconnaissance">Black reconnaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Dismounted_reconnaissance_troop" title="Dismounted reconnaissance troop">Dismounted reconnaissance troop</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploration" title="Exploration">Exploration</a></li>

<li><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence%2C_surveillance%2C_target_acquisition%2C_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_reconnaissance_units" title="List of reconnaissance units">List of reconnaissance units</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathfinder_(military)" title="Pathfinder (military)">Pathfinder (military)</a> – airborne pathfinders</li>

<li><a href="Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a> (<a href="Recon_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Recon Team">recon team</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Surveillance aircraft</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._military_doctrine_for_reconnaissance" title="U.S. military doctrine for reconnaissance">U.S. military doctrine for reconnaissance</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recce" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:recce"><i>recce</i></a> at Wiktionary</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recon" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:recon"><i>recon</i></a> at Wiktionary</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWragg1974" class="citation book cs1">Wragg, David W. (1974). <i>A Dictionary of Aviation</i> (1st American ed.). New York: Frederick Fell, Inc. p. 222. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-85045-163-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FM_7-92-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FM_7-92_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Field Manual (FM) 7–92: The Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon and Squad (Airborne, Air Assault, Light Infantry)</i>. <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. 2001. p. 4.0.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reconnaissance">Dictionary.com</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Germany/HB/HB-4.html">WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL TM-E 30-451</a> HANDBOOK ON GERMAN MILITARY FORCES, WAR DEPARTMENT • 15 MARCH 1945 (chapter IV, section II, "Reconnaissance"</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/reconnaissance+by+fire">"reconnaissance by fire"</a>. <i>TheFreeDictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/1688/rec/1">"Reconnaissance-pull"—seeking the path of least resistance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050239/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/1688/rec/1">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (monograph, US Command and General Staff College, 1991)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MCDP_1-0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MCDP_1-0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MCDP_1-0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chap. 11". <i>Marine Corps Operations (MCDP 1-0)</i>. Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication. 2007. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>10.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Beliakov_1976_p153-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beliakov_1976_p153_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beliakov VD Military Epidemiology. Textbook in Russian. Leningrad, 1976 p153.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mel'nichenko P. I., Ogarkov O. I., Lizunov Yu. V. <i>Military Hygiene and Military Epidemiology</i>. 400 pp., ill. 2005 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>5-225-04849-8</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurke" class="citation web cs1">Burke, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222025420/http://www.oss.net/dynamaster/file_archive/081025/85d11dcaf79e3c181386446dd4c27382/NPS%20Thesis%20on%20Civil%20Reconnaissance.pdf">"Civil Reconnaissance; Separating the Insurgent from the Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NPS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oss.net/dynamaster/file_archive/081025/85d11dcaf79e3c181386446dd4c27382/NPS%20Thesis%20on%20Civil%20Reconnaissance.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_57.pdf">"Joint Publication 3-57"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-scouting1926-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scouting1926_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurnham1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Burnham, Frederick Russell</a> (1926). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scoutingontwocon00book/page/19"><i>Scouting on Two Continents</i></a></span>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scoutingontwocon00book/page/19">19</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-86920-126-8</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/407686">407686</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</span></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

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</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/reconnaissance" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li>Halsall, Christine, <i>Women of Intelligence: Winning the Second World War with Air Photos</i>, The History Press, 2012. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7524-6477-0</bdi>.</li></ul>

<p><br>

</p>

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</style><div id="Military_and_war324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="War" title="War">war</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military" title="Military">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_military_technology" title="History of military technology">Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Occupational roles</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li>

<li><a href="National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li>

<li><i>Roles:</i></li>

<li><a href="Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li>

<li><a href="Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li>

<li><a href="Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted rank</a></li>

<li><a href="Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a></li>

<li><a href="Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">Commanding officer</a></li>

<li><a href="Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">Executive officer</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>Protocols and structure:</i></li>

<li><a href="Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a>

<li><a href="Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniforms</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">By country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">Highest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i>Categories:</i></li>

<li>Ranks</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Defense ministry</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Military" title="Military">Armed Forces</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li>

<li><a href="Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li>

<li><a href="Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne forces</a></li>

<li><a href="Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a></li>

<li><a href="Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li>

<li><a href="Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li>

<li><i>Functional specialties:</i></li>

<li><a href="Military_communications" title="Military communications">Communications</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li>

<li>

<li><a href="Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li>

<li><a href="Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_forces" title="Security forces">Security forces</a></li>

<li><a href="Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a>

<ul><li>By country</li></ul></li>

<li><i>Categories:</i></li>

<li>Combat occupations</li>

<li><i>Development:</i></li>

<li><a href="Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Basic training</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military maneuvers</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat" title="Combat">Combat training</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Combat_arms" title="Combat arms">Combat arms</a></li>

<li><a href="Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li>

<li><a href="Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li>

<li><i>Naval units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a>

<ul><li><a href="Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">Surface</a></li>

<li><a href="Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li>

<li><a href="Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li>

<li><a href="Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li>

<li><a href="Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li>

<li><i>Air units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li>

<li><a href="Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li>

<li><a href="Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li>

<li><a href="Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a>

<ul><li>By country</li>

<li>Armies by country</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li>

<li><a href="Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></li>

<li><a href="Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General staff</a></li>

<li><a href="Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a></li>

<li><a href="Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a>

<li><a href="Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a>

<li><a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a>

<li><a href="Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a>

<ul><li>By country</li>

<li><a href="Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a>

<ul><li>By country</li>

<li><a href="Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a></li>

<li><a href="Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a></li>

<li><i>Naval:</i></li>

<li><a href="Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_force#Naval" title="Task force">Task force</a></li>

<li><a href="Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">Carrier strike group</a></li>

<li><a href="Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Flotilla" title="Flotilla">Flotilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_box" title="Combat box">Combat box</a></li>

<li><i>Special units by nation:</i></li>

<li><a href="Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy</a></li>

<li><a href="Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front; Russian land forces</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Ground:</i></li>

<li><a href="Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Ground</a>

<li><a href="Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li>

<li>Tracked vehicles</li>

<li>Wheeled vehicles</li>

<li><a href="Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a>

<li><a href="Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="Lists of armoured fighting vehicles">Lists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_by_country" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored car</a></li>

<li><a href="Scout_car" title="Scout car">Scout car</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_vehicle#Military_trucks" title="Military vehicle">Truck</a>

<li><a href="Gun_truck" title="Gun truck">Gun truck</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a>

<li><a href="Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a>

<li><i>Artillery:</i></li>

<li><a href="Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">Artillery</a>

<li><a href="List_of_artillery_by_country" title="List of artillery by country">By country</a></li>

<li><a href="Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field gun</a>

<li><a href="Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a>

<li><a href="Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket</a>

<li><i><a href="Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Infantry guns</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Pistols</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a>

<li><i><a href="Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifles</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a>

<li><a href="Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a>

<li><a href="Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></li>

<li><i>Other infantry weapons:</i></li>

<li><a href="Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li>

<li><a href="Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenade</a>

<li><a href="Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">Flamethrower</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_knife" title="Combat knife">Combat knife</a>

<li><i><a href="Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a>:</i>

<ul><li><a href="Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortar</a>

<ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li>

<li><a href="List_of_infantry_mortars" title="List of infantry mortars">Infantry</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_heavy_mortars" title="List of heavy mortars">Heavy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i>Other:</i></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shells</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sea/Air:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Missile" title="Missile">Guided missiles</a>

<li><i><a href="Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">Naval artillery</a>

<li><a href="Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedoes</a></li>

<li><a href="Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charges</a></li>

<li><a href="Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapons</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a>:</i></li>

<li>Missiles</li>

<li><a href="Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">Bombs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military equipment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_military_equipment" title="Lists of military equipment">Lists</a></li>

<li>By country</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Helmet</a>

<li><a href="Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a>

<li><a href="Body_armor" title="Body armor">Body armor</a></li>

<li><i>Facilities:</i></li>

<li><a href="Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Lists</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li>

<li><a href="Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li>

<li><a href="Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li>

<li><i>Historical:</i></li>

<li><a href="Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li>

<li><a href="Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo Data Computer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="War" title="War">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategy" title="Strategy">Strategy</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat" title="Combat">Combat</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_science" title="Military science">Military science</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li>

<li><a href="International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li>

<li><a href="Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a>

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li>

<li><a href="Class_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li>

<li><a href="Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li>

<li><a href="Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li>

<li><a href="Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic</a></li>

<li><a href="Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li>

<li><a href="Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li>

<li><a href="Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li>

<li><a href="Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Aerospace

<li><a href="Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li>

<li><a href="Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li>

<li><a href="Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li>

<li><a href="Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li>

<li><a href="Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li>

<li><a href="Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li>

<li><a href="Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a>

<ul><li><a href="Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li>

<li><a href="Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li>

<li><a href="Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li>

<li><a href="Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li>

<li><a href="Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li>

<li><a href="Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li>

<li><a href="Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li>

<li><a href="Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a></li>

<li><a href="Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li>

<li><a href="Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li>

<li><a href="Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li>

<li><a href="Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li>

<li><a href="Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li>

<li><a href="Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li>

<li><a href="Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliances</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperation" title="Cooperation">Cooperation</a></li>

<li><a href="Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li>

<li><i>Public policy:</i></li>

<li><a href="Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_budget" title="Military budget">Defense budget</a>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries with highest military expenditure per capita">Per capita</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Military_policy" title="Military policy">Defense policy</a></li>

<li><i>Related:</i></li>

<li><a href="Government" title="Government">Government</a></li>

<li><a href="Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Military lists</i></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">Military tactics</a></li>

<li><i>History lists:</i></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li>

<li><i>Related lists:</i></li>

<li><a href="List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Weapons}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Ranks}}</span></li>

<li><i>Vehicles and weapons</i>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{Tanks}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Weapons}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Infantry fighting vehicles}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Modern warships}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{Aircraft}}</span></li></ul></li>

<li><i>Specific modern wars</i>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{Napoleonic Wars}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{World War I}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{World War II}}</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Lists of wars by country</li>

<li>Conflicts by time</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace process</a></li>

<li><a href="Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li>

<li><a href="D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_studies" title="Global studies">Global studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism in international relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">International cooperation</a></li>

<li><a href="Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{International relations}}</span></li>

<li><i>Categories:</i></li>

<li>Peace organizations</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span><b>Category</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/CategoryWar" class="extiw external" title="commons:CategoryWar">Commons</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1478" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1478" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4143395-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85085277">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reconnaissance (science militaire)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951098p">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reconnaissance (science militaire)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951098p">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="vojenský průzkum"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph600461&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007533866005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/2dd3fb32-684a-449f-b965-0461201a8756">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Reconnaissance&oldid=1295553680">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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